https://www.bourse.pl/blog/Plain-English guides to Congress stock trades, SEC Form 4 insider filings and 13F hedge fund holdings: how the data works, what it means and what it cannot tell you.en https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-159/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-159/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-160/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-160/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-161/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-161/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-162/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-162/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-163/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-163/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-164/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-164/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-165/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-165/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-166/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-166/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-167/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-167/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-168/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-168/Thu, 22 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-139/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-139/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-140/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-140/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-141/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-141/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-142/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-142/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-143/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-143/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-144/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-144/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-145/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-145/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-146/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-146/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-147/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-147/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-148/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-148/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-149/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-149/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-150/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-150/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-151/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-151/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-152/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-152/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-153/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-153/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-154/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-154/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-155/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-155/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-156/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-156/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-157/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-157/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-158/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-158/Wed, 21 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/ipo-lockup-expiration-rules-and-form-4-sales/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/ipo-lockup-expiration-rules-and-form-4-sales/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTThe 90-to-180 day post-IPO lockup expiration triggers a massive wave of insider Form 4 filings. Here is how institutional desks calculate overhang supply. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/defense-contractor-spending-and-congress-stock-trades/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/defense-contractor-spending-and-congress-stock-trades/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTHow members of the House and Senate Armed Services committees time purchases of aerospace, defense and satellite contractors prior to authorization markups. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/bitcoin-etf-flows-and-institutional-13f-positions/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/bitcoin-etf-flows-and-institutional-13f-positions/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTQuarterly 13F filings now reveal institutional spot Bitcoin ETF allocations by hedge funds, university endowments and state pension systems. How to decode... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/stock-buyback-announcements-vs-insider-purchases/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/stock-buyback-announcements-vs-insider-purchases/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTCorporations announce billions in share repurchases using corporate balance sheets, but executives buying with personal cash prove authentic valuation... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/cross-referencing-10-k-risk-factors-with-insider-trades/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/cross-referencing-10-k-risk-factors-with-insider-trades/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhen a company expands Item 1A legal or regulatory risk disclosures in its annual 10-K yet executives aggressively buy shares, what does it mean for forward... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-124/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-124/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-125/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-125/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-126/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-126/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-127/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-127/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-128/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-128/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-129/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-129/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-130/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-130/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-131/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-131/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-132/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-132/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-133/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-133/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-134/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-134/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of sec form 4, 13f and congress disclosures, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-135/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/smart-money-accumulation-and-whale-tracking-135/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of smart money accumulation & whale tracking, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-136/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-sentiment-divergence-across-sectors-136/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of insider sentiment divergence across sectors, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-137/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/evaluating-form-4-signals-in-volatile-markets-137/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of evaluating form 4 signals in volatile markets, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-138/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/quantitative-insider-scoring-models-138/Tue, 20 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTComprehensive econometric breakdown of quantitative insider scoring models, cross-referencing SEC Form 4 insider purchases, 13F institutional whale... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-104/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-104/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-105/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-105/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-106/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-106/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-107/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-107/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-108/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-108/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-109/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-109/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-110/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-110/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-111/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-111/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-112/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-112/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-113/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-113/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/activist-hedge-funds-schedule-13d-vs-13g/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/activist-hedge-funds-schedule-13d-vs-13g/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhen a fund crosses 5% ownership, Schedule 13D signals hostility and proxy battles, while 13G denotes passive investment. How to spot impending board overhauls. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-cluster-selling-vs-single-officer-exits/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-cluster-selling-vs-single-officer-exits/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhile single executive sales usually reflect estate planning or tax diversification, multi-director cluster sales at cycle highs provide a sharp warning signal. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/biotech-fda-pdufa-catalysts-and-form-4-buying/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/biotech-fda-pdufa-catalysts-and-form-4-buying/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTBiopharma insider buying ahead of FDA advisory meetings and PDUFA target dates requires careful scrutiny of open-market Code P buys vs grant compensation. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/short-interest-ratios-and-insider-accumulation/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/short-interest-ratios-and-insider-accumulation/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhen heavily shorted equities (short interest > 20% of float) see aggressive open-market buying from C-suite officers, borrowing rates surge and squeeze... https://www.bourse.pl/blog/regional-bank-crises-and-director-equity-purchases/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/regional-bank-crises-and-director-equity-purchases/Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTDuring regional banking liquidity panics, independent audit committee members and bank directors buying shares provide the ultimate reassurance of solvency. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-100/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-100/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-101/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-101/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-102/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-102/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-103/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-103/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-buying-after-earnings-miss/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-buying-after-earnings-miss/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhen a stock drops after quarterly earnings and corporate executives immediately step in to buy shares on the open market, how should investors read the SEC Form 4 filings? https://www.bourse.pl/blog/congress-committee-assignments-and-stock-trades/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/congress-committee-assignments-and-stock-trades/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTMembers of Congress sit on specialized committees overseeing defense, healthcare, energy and tech. How to cross-reference Periodic Transaction Reports with committee jurisdiction. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/cfo-vs-ceo-insider-purchases-which-matters-more/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/cfo-vs-ceo-insider-purchases-which-matters-more/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTAcademic research and empirical SEC Form 4 data show a clear difference between Chief Financial Officer stock purchases and routine CEO buying. Here is how to compare them. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-hedge-funds-use-13f-confidential-treatment/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-hedge-funds-use-13f-confidential-treatment/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTInstitutional managers filing Form 13F can request temporary confidential treatment from the SEC while building a stake. How delayed amendments work and what they reveal. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-buying-in-small-cap-vs-large-cap-stocks/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-buying-in-small-cap-vs-large-cap-stocks/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTInformation asymmetry is much wider in lightly covered small-cap stocks than in mega-cap tech. How market capitalization impacts the predictive value of Form 4 cluster buying. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/spouse-and-dependent-trades-in-congress-filings/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/spouse-and-dependent-trades-in-congress-filings/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTUnder the STOCK Act, members of Congress must report stock transactions made by their spouses and dependent children. How to filter and interpret owner codes in PTR filings. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/ten-percent-owners-vs-officers-in-form-4/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/ten-percent-owners-vs-officers-in-form-4/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTNot every insider on Form 4 works inside the company. Activist funds, venture firms and major shareholders cross the 10% threshold and report alongside executives. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-options-expiration-drives-insider-form-4-filings/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-options-expiration-drives-insider-form-4-filings/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTMany dramatic-looking insider filings are simply expiring employee stock options being exercised and withheld for taxes. How to separate Code M and Code F from real conviction. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/tracking-sector-rotation-through-13f-filings/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/tracking-sector-rotation-through-13f-filings/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhile a single 13F filing is 45 days delayed, aggregating hundreds of institutional portfolios reveals multi-quarter sector shifts across technology, energy and financials. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/combining-8-k-events-with-insider-form-4-trades/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/combining-8-k-events-with-insider-form-4-trades/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhen a company files an 8-K announcing a new contract, guidance update or leadership change, checking the subsequent Form 4 window adds critical context. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/director-purchases-vs-officer-purchases-on-form-4/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/director-purchases-vs-officer-purchases-on-form-4/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTOutside board directors bring industry networks and governance oversight, while executive officers run daily operations. How their Form 4 buying patterns differ. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/penny-stock-insider-buying-and-dilution-risk/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/penny-stock-insider-buying-and-dilution-risk/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTSmall token insider buys in distressed micro-caps can mask toxic convertible debt or ATM offerings. How to check 10-Q and 8-K filings before trusting a micro-cap Form 4. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/congress-treasury-bill-and-bond-disclosures/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/congress-treasury-bill-and-bond-disclosures/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA huge share of Periodic Transaction Reports are not tech stocks at all, but U.S. Treasury bills and municipal bonds. How to filter fixed-income noise from equity trades. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/reading-footnote-disclosures-on-sec-form-4/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/reading-footnote-disclosures-on-sec-form-4/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTThe green numbers at the bottom of SEC Form 4 explain whether a trade was automatic under Rule 10b5-1, a weighted average price range, or an indirect trust transfer. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/institutional-put-and-call-options-in-13f-filings/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/institutional-put-and-call-options-in-13f-filings/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTForm 13F includes listed call and put options on equities and ETFs, but reports notional share equivalents rather than option delta. How to avoid misreading hedge fund hedges. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-44/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-44/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-45/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-45/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-46/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-46/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-47/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-47/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-48/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-48/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-49/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-49/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-50/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-50/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-51/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-51/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-52/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-52/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-53/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-53/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-54/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-54/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-55/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-55/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-56/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-56/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-57/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-57/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-58/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-58/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-59/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-59/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-60/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-60/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-61/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-61/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-62/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-62/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-63/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-63/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-64/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-64/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-65/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-65/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-66/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-66/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-67/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-67/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-68/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-68/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-69/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-69/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-70/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-70/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-71/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-71/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-72/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-72/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-73/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-73/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-74/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-74/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-75/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-75/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-76/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-76/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-77/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-77/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-78/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-78/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-79/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-79/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-80/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-80/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-81/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-81/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-82/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-82/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-83/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-83/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-84/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-84/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-85/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-85/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-86/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-86/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-87/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-87/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-88/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-88/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-89/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-89/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-90/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-90/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-91/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-91/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-92/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-92/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-93/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-93/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-94/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-94/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-95/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-95/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-96/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-96/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-97/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-97/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-98/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-98/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-99/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-form-4-institutional-signal-analysis-99/Sun, 18 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical deep dive into combining SEC Form 4 executive stock purchases, quarterly 13F institutional holdings and Congress PTR disclosures. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/form-13f-what-it-does-not-show/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/form-13f-what-it-does-not-show/Sat, 17 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTForm 13F is a useful snapshot of big funds' US stock holdings, but it omits shorts, most bonds, foreign stocks and everything that happens between quarter ends. Know the blind spots before you copy a fund. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/mar-article-19-managers-transactions/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/mar-article-19-managers-transactions/Sat, 17 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTUnder the EU Market Abuse Regulation, company managers and their close associates must report their trades in the company's shares. Here is what is reported, how fast, and how to read it for GPW-listed companies. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-buying-vs-congress-buying/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-buying-vs-congress-buying/Sat, 17 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTCorporate insiders and members of Congress both file public trade disclosures, but the data differs in speed, precision and meaning. A side-by-side comparison for anyone using either signal. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-read-an-earnings-report/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-read-an-earnings-report/Fri, 16 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical routine for reading a quarterly earnings release: revenue quality, margins, GAAP vs adjusted EPS, free cash flow, guidance, and the red flags that headline numbers hide. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/free-sources-for-insider-and-congress-trades/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/free-sources-for-insider-and-congress-trades/Thu, 15 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTEvery filing behind insider, Congress and fund-holdings data is public. Here are the primary sources, what each one covers, and how to work with them without paying for a terminal. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-late-is-congress-trade-data/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-late-is-congress-trade-data/Wed, 14 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA member of Congress can legally report a trade up to 45 days later. Here is how to measure the real lag in a filing, what the late fee is, and why the delay changes how you should read the data. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/short-interest-explained/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/short-interest-explained/Tue, 13 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTShort interest counts shares sold short but not yet covered. Learn how it is reported, how to read days to cover and short percent of float, and why it is a weaker signal than it looks. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/proxy-statement-def-14a-explained/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/proxy-statement-def-14a-explained/Mon, 12 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTThe proxy statement is where US companies disclose executive pay, board structure, major shareholders and related-party deals. Here is how to read a DEF 14A without drowning in it. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/10-k-vs-10-q-annual-and-quarterly-reports/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/10-k-vs-10-q-annual-and-quarterly-reports/Sun, 11 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTThe 10-K is the audited annual report; the 10-Q is the unaudited quarterly update. Learn what each contains, when they are due, and which sections are worth your time. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/what-is-sec-form-8-k/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/what-is-sec-form-8-k/Sat, 10 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTForm 8-K is how US public companies announce material events within four business days: deals, executive departures, earnings, bankruptcies and cyber incidents. Here is how to read it and which items matter. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-read-sec-form-4/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-read-sec-form-4/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA plain-English guide to SEC Form 4 insider filings: who files them, how fast, what each transaction code means, and why only two codes (P and S) reflect a real buy or sell decision. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/stock-act-congress-trade-disclosures/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/stock-act-congress-trade-disclosures/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhat the STOCK Act requires members of Congress to disclose, how long they can wait, why amounts appear as ranges, and what that means for anyone reading the data. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-cluster-buying/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-cluster-buying/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhat insider cluster buying is, why it is considered a stronger signal than a single purchase, how to define it, and its limits. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/what-is-form-13f/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/what-is-form-13f/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTForm 13F explained: who has to file it, what it contains, the 45-day delay, and the big blind spots such as short positions, non-US stocks and trade timing. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/do-congress-members-beat-the-market/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/do-congress-members-beat-the-market/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA balanced look at academic studies of congressional stock trading: early evidence of outperformance, later work that contradicts it, and what it means for copy-trading politicians. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-track-congress-and-insider-trades/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-track-congress-and-insider-trades/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical guide to the free public sources behind Congress stock trades, SEC Form 4 insider filings and 13F fund holdings, and how to combine them. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/rule-10b5-1-trading-plans/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/rule-10b5-1-trading-plans/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhat a Rule 10b5-1 plan is, how the 2023 rule changes (cooling-off periods, certifications) work, and how to read the 10b5-1 checkbox on an insider's Form 4. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-read-congress-periodic-transaction-report/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-read-congress-periodic-transaction-report/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA field-by-field guide to the Periodic Transaction Reports members of Congress file: owner codes, transaction types, notification date, amount ranges and what is easy to misread. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-selling-what-it-tells-you/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-selling-what-it-tells-you/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhy insider sales are noisier than insider purchases, which sales are routine, and the patterns (clusters, size, timing) that deserve a closer look. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/schedule-13d-13g-explained/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/schedule-13d-13g-explained/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhat Schedules 13D and 13G are, when an investor must file, how they differ from Form 13F, and why activist filings move stocks. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/legal-vs-illegal-insider-trading/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/legal-vs-illegal-insider-trading/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhy the insider trades in public filings are legal, what makes insider trading illegal, how the six-month short-swing rule works, and how the STOCK Act applies to Congress. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-analyze-13f-changes/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/how-to-analyze-13f-changes/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical method for comparing two quarters of a fund's 13F: classifying new, added, reduced and exited positions, sizing them as a share of the portfolio, and avoiding the common traps. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/mistakes-reading-insider-trading-data/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/mistakes-reading-insider-trading-data/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTThe most common errors when reading Form 4 data, from counting grants as buys to ignoring the 10b5-1 flag, and how to avoid each one. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/form-3-form-4-form-5-differences/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/form-3-form-4-form-5-differences/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTHow the three Section 16 insider forms differ: Form 3 for a new insider's holdings, Form 4 for changes, Form 5 for the annual catch-up, and which one is useful for tracking trades. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/form-144-notice-of-proposed-sale/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/form-144-notice-of-proposed-sale/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTWhat Form 144 is, who must file it, how it differs from Form 4, and why it can show a planned insider sale before the sale is reported. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-edgar-beginners-guide/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/sec-edgar-beginners-guide/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA practical introduction to SEC EDGAR: searching companies and filers, filtering by form type, using full-text search and the free API, and the rules for automated access. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/research-a-stock-with-public-filings/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/research-a-stock-with-public-filings/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTA repeatable process for using insider filings, 13F holdings, Congress trades and company reports together, instead of reacting to a single headline. https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-trading-glossary/https://www.bourse.pl/blog/insider-trading-glossary/Fri, 09 Oct 2026 12:00:00 GMTPlain-English definitions of the terms used in insider filings, Congress trade disclosures and 13F reports, from 10b5-1 to Form 4 and MNPI.